SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Synthetic peptide studied in animal and cell models for mitochondrial function restoration and oxidative stress reduction at source
Last updated: March 1, 2026
- Compound
- SS-31 (Elamipretide)
- Class
- Longevity peptide
- Summary
- Synthetic peptide studied in animal and cell models for mitochondrial function restoration, oxidative stress reduction at source, cardioprotective properties.
- Mechanism
- Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity Preservation
- Research Status
- Phase II
- Routes Studied
- Subcutaneous injection via auto-injector pen
- Evidence Level
- Preclinical-promising · Clinically unproven
What Should You Know About SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
- What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
- SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic peptide studied in animal and cell models for mitochondrial function restoration and oxidative stress reduction at source.
- Is SS-31 (Elamipretide) clinically proven?
- No. Human evidence remains limited and does not establish SS-31 (Elamipretide) as clinically proven.
- What has SS-31 (Elamipretide) been studied for?
- SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been studied in preclinical models of mitochondrial function restoration, oxidative stress reduction at source, cardioprotective properties. These findings have not been confirmed in large-scale human trials.
- Is SS-31 (Elamipretide) approved?
- No. SS-31 (Elamipretide) is not an approved drug and remains a research compound.
What Is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
SS-31, also known as elamipretide (formerly Bendavia and MTP-131), is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2. Developed from the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide series at Weill Cornell Medical College, SS-31 was designed with an alternating aromatic-cationic motif that enables it to concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane at concentrations approximately 1000- to 5000-fold greater than surrounding cytoplasm, driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. This remarkable selectivity for the mitochondrial...
Evidence Summary
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a research compound with promising biological signals but limited human validation. Most claims exceed current clinical evidence.
Evidence Breakdown
| Domain | Evidence Level |
|---|---|
| Mitochondrial Function Restoration | Limited |
| Oxidative Stress Reduction at Source | Limited |
| Cardioprotective Properties | Limited |
| Multi-Organ Cytoprotection | Limited |
| Human clinical evidence | Limited |
| Safety data | Insufficient |
Editorial Position
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is best understood as a compound with emerging clinical evidence that has not yet reached definitive conclusions. Many online claims exceed the strength of available human evidence, and safety data remains incomplete. Any consideration of this compound should involve careful evaluation of individual context and medical guidance.
Regulatory Status Snapshot
- Not approved as a therapeutic drug by major regulators
- Safety profile not established in large human populations
Need help interpreting this evidence for your situation?
Talk to a SpecialistA deep research review for SS-31 (Elamipretide) is not yet available. This compound profile is based on published peer-reviewed references listed below.
Browse all research reviewsWhat Has SS-31 (Elamipretide) Been Studied For?
Research areas where SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been investigated in published studies
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Mitochondrial Function Restoration SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been studied in animal models of mitochondrial function restoration. These findings have not been confirmed in controlled human trials.
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Oxidative Stress Reduction at Source SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been studied in animal models of oxidative stress reduction at source. These findings have not been confirmed in controlled human trials.
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Cardioprotective Properties SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been studied in animal models of cardioprotective properties. These findings have not been confirmed in controlled human trials.
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Multi-Organ Cytoprotection SS-31 (Elamipretide) has been studied in animal models of multi-organ cytoprotection. These findings have not been confirmed in controlled human trials.
How Does SS-31 (Elamipretide) Work?
These mechanisms have been observed in preclinical models. They are plausible but have not been linked to proven clinical outcomes in humans.
- 01 Mitochondrial Membrane Concentration
- 02 Cardiolipin Binding & Stabilization
- 03 Electron Transport Chain Optimization
- 04 ROS Production Reduction at Source
Not sure if SS-31 (Elamipretide) is right for you?
A specialist can review the evidence, evaluate your medical context, and help you make an informed decision about SS-31 (Elamipretide).
Community Reports (Anecdotal)
Experiences shared here are self-reported and do not represent clinical evidence.
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How Is SS-31 (Elamipretide) Administered?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is available via Subcutaneous injection via auto-injector pen. Appropriate use and protocol should be determined by a qualified specialist.
What Are the Specifications of SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
What Conditions Has SS-31 (Elamipretide) Been Linked To?
Have Questions About SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
In aged mice, 8 weeks of daily SS-31 administration reversed age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, restoring ATP production, normalizing mitochondrial proteome composition, improving redox balance, and increasing exercise capacity toward levels seen in young animals.
SS-31 has been studied in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials across multiple indications. The TAZPOWER trial in Barth syndrome demonstrated improved cardiac stroke volume and exercise capacity.
Published studies on SS-31 (Elamipretide) can be found on PubMed and other peer-reviewed databases. Our references section below lists key citations.
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Last reviewed: March 1, 2026